【新形式】英検1級ライティング要約のトピックとコツ

記事の信ぴょう性
Koyuki
英語指導歴３０年。殿堂入り・大賞受賞講師
英検１級
IELTS 7.0　(スピーキング・リーディング7.5)
普通教員免許　英語（中学・高校）保持
2014年から生徒としてオンライン英会話を１０年間受講。その間、英検１級、IELTS7.0、TOEIC940点取得
ケンブリッジ大学認定CELTA保持
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/teaching-english/teaching-qualifications/celta/

【スタディサプリENGLISH for KIDS】

【実は簡単】英検１級ライティング要約問題のコツ

英検１級
Reading
４５問→３５問
◇大問１：短文の語句空所補充→３問削除（単語問題）
◇大問３：長文の内容一致洗濯→３問削除（No32-34）
Writing
◇英作文問題の出題が１題から２題に増加
◇既存の「意見論述」に加え「要約」問題出題

【英検公式】新形式英検１級ライティング要約問題と回答例

Instructions: Read the article below and summarize it in your own words as far as possible in English.
Suggested length: 90-110 words
Write your summary in the space provided on your answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded.

原文
Poyang Lake is China’s biggest freshwater lake. Although people have fished it for generations, these days, a new resource is being removed sand. Up to 10,000 tons of sand are dug up from the lake floor per hour, making this the world’s largest sand mine. Much of the sand is shipped to Shanghai—a city whose population has risen by 7 million since 2007— where it is used in the construction of high-rises, roads, and other structures. Massive mining operations exist not only in China but also in other nations, including Australia and the United States. Globally, the largest importer of sand is Singapore, which has used the resource to increase its territorial landmass by 20 square miles.
The consequences of sand mining are a major concern. Removing sand from water bodies increases water sediment, blocking out sunlight; this interferes with underwater plants” production of oxygen, making survival for fish and other organisms difficult. In the case of Poyang Lake, sand removal has made the channels leading out of the lake much deeper and wider, doubling the amount of water flowing outward. Consequently, the lake’s water level has dropped dramatically. This threatens the water supply to neighboring wetlands, which are home to numerous bird species and other wildlife.
Many countries are becoming increasingly aware of the damage caused by sand mining. Demand for the resource has taken a toll on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia, which have banned sand exports in efforts to preserve local ecosystems. However, increasing demand means that when mining stops in one area, other areas take on the burden of supply. China’s Yangtze River, for example, was formerly a major sand-mining site, but by the late 1990s so much had been removed that bridges collapsed along with large sections of the riverbank. When sand mining was banned on the Yangtze in 2000, operations shifted to Poyang Lake.

要約文
Sand is being mined in large quantities from bodies of water around the world to fuel the developement of urban areas. Despite the various positive effects that may result from these activeties, sand mining also has ecological consequences that endanger the lives of various organisims. In response, some governments are trying to mitigate the harm that arises from this by enacting laws that prohibit the export of sand. Unfortunately, banning sand mining appears to only be a temporary solutions in some locations as mining operations often end up simply moving to other sites.

評価論点

• 内容
• 構成
• 語い
• 文法

内容

原文をそのまま書かず、具体的なものを抽象的に言い換えているか。

本文の全ての内容をちゃんと反映しているかどうか。

構成

論理的に書かれているかどうか。

追加や逆説されている部分をちゃんと反映して書かれているかどうか。

語彙

英検１級にふさわしい語彙で書かれているかどうか。

文法

冠詞に間違えていないかどうか。上級者ほど冠詞の使い方などに気を付ける。

ノンネイティブだから文法の多少のミスは仕方がないが、ミスコミュニケーションが起こらないレベルまでは仕上げていく必要あり。

英検１級ライティング要約の原文の特徴分析

原文
Poyang Lake is China’s biggest freshwater lake. Although people have fished it for generations, these days, a new resource is being removed sand. Up to 10,000 tons of sand are dug up from the lake floor per hour, making this the world’s largest sand mine. Much of the sand is shipped to Shanghai—a city whose population has risen by 7 million since 2007— where it is used in the construction of high-rises, roads, and other structures. Massive mining operations exist not only in China but also in other nations, including Australia and the United States. Globally, the largest importer of sand is Singapore, which has used the resource to increase its territorial landmass by 20 square miles.
The consequences of sand mining are a major concern. Removing sand from water bodies increases water sediment, blocking out sunlight; this interferes with underwater plants” production of oxygen, making survival for fish and other organisms difficult. In the case of Poyang Lake, sand removal has made the channels leading out of the lake much deeper and wider, doubling the amount of water flowing outward. Consequently, the lake’s water level has dropped dramatically. This threatens the water supply to neighboring wetlands, which are home to numerous bird species and other wildlife.
Many countries are becoming increasingly aware of the damage caused by sand mining. Demand for the resource has taken a toll on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia, which have banned sand exports in efforts to preserve local ecosystems. However, increasing demand means that when mining stops in one area, other areas take on the burden of supply. China’s Yangtze River, for example, was formerly a major sand-mining site, but by the late 1990s so much had been removed that bridges collapsed along with large sections of the riverbank. When sand mining was banned on the Yangtze in 2000, operations shifted to Poyang Lake.

非常に長い文章

一つ一つのパラグラフが長く英検２級、準１級までのようにパッと見て「賛成」「反対」とわかるようにはなっていない。→しっかり読み込む必要あり。

NewsweekやTimeのように作者の言いたいことがつかみにくくなっているのが特徴。
そこが英検１級の難しいところはありますが、しっかり論理的に読み込んでいくのが大事です。

３パラグラフで構築されるアカデミックな英文

パラグラフのトピックや全体のテーマが見抜きにくくなっている。

【有料級】英検１級ライティング要約５つの手順

原文
Poyang Lake is China’s biggest freshwater lake. Although people have fished it for generations, these days, a new resource is being removed sand. Up to 10,000 tons of sand are dug up from the lake floor per hour, making this the world’s largest sand mine. Much of the sand is shipped to Shanghai—a city whose population has risen by 7 million since 2007— where it is used in the construction of high-rises, roads, and other structures. Massive mining operations exist not only in China but also in other nations, including Australia and the United States. Globally, the largest importer of sand is Singapore, which has used the resource to increase its territorial landmass by 20 square miles.
The consequences of sand mining are a major concern. Removing sand from water bodies increases water sediment, blocking out sunlight; this interferes with underwater plants” production of oxygen, making survival for fish and other organisms difficult. In the case of Poyang Lake, sand removal has made the channels leading out of the lake much deeper and wider, doubling the amount of water flowing outward. Consequently, the lake’s water level has dropped dramatically. This threatens the water supply to neighboring wetlands, which are home to numerous bird species and other wildlife.
Many countries are becoming increasingly aware of the damage caused by sand mining. Demand for the resource has taken a toll on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia, which have banned sand exports in efforts to preserve local ecosystems. However, increasing demand means that when mining stops in one area, other areas take on the burden of supply. China’s Yangtze River, for example, was formerly a major sand-mining site, but by the late 1990s so much had been removed that bridges collapsed along with large sections of the riverbank. When sand mining was banned on the Yangtze in 2000, operations shifted to Poyang Lake.

普段やっておくべき練習

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